Pythagoras of Samos, c.560-c.480 BC, was a Greek philosopher who was responsible for important developments in the history of mathematics, astronomy, and the theory of music. He migrated to Croton and founded a philosophical school there that attracted many followers. Because no reliable contemporary records survive, and because the school practiced both secrecy and communalism, the contributions of Pythagoras himself and those of his followers cannot be distinguished.
Pythagoreans believed that all relations could be reduced to number relations (“all things are numbers”). They knew, as did the Egyptians before them, that any triangle whose sides were in the ratio 3:4:5 was a right-angled triangle. The Pythagorean theorem, that the square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides, is the most known mathematic discovery of Pythagoras.
A fine bust of Pythagoras made of bonded marble and coated with a special bronze patina.
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